{"id":2422,"date":"2022-08-04T08:00:57","date_gmt":"2022-08-04T12:00:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.diagnostika-mysli.cz\/blog\/?p=2422"},"modified":"2024-01-03T12:01:33","modified_gmt":"2024-01-03T11:01:33","slug":"prace-s-hyperaktivnimi-detmi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.diagnostika-mysli.cz\/blog\/adhd\/prace-s-hyperaktivnimi-detmi\/","title":{"rendered":"Pr\u00e1ce s hyperaktivn\u00edmi d\u011btmi"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Pr\u00e1ce s hyperaktivn\u00edm d\u00edt\u011btem vy\u017eaduje trp\u011blivost a pravidelnost. Proces podpory by m\u011bl za\u010d\u00edt ve f\u00e1zi diagnostiky ADHD. Z\u00e1kladem pro diagnostiku hyperkinetick\u00e9ho syndromu jsou v\u017edy v\u00fdpov\u011bdi u\u010ditel\u016f a rodi\u010d\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed jsou s d\u00edt\u011btem v p\u0159\u00edm\u00e9m kontaktu. Ve\u0161ker\u00e9 informace t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00ed se chov\u00e1n\u00ed batolete shroma\u017e\u010fuje a shrnuje pedagog nebo \u0161koln\u00ed psycholog a \u00fadaje pak zas\u00edl\u00e1 do pedagogicko-psychologick\u00e9 poradny, kde je d\u00edt\u011b d\u016fkladn\u011b vy\u0161et\u0159eno z hlediska kognitivn\u00edho v\u00fdvoje. Diagn\u00f3za ment\u00e1ln\u00ed retardace vylu\u010duje diagn\u00f3zu ADHD. Posledn\u00ed diagnostickou f\u00e1z\u00ed je n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bva d\u00edt\u011bte u d\u011btsk\u00e9ho psychiatra nebo neurologa. Teprve na z\u00e1klad\u011b v\u0161ech f\u00e1z\u00ed diagnostiky je mo\u017en\u00e9 stanovit pevnou diagn\u00f3zu a vylou\u010dit jin\u00e9 poruchy. Jak v\u0161ak sv\u00e9mu d\u00edt\u011bti pomoci, kdy\u017e usly\u0161\u00edte slova: &#8220;Batole m\u00e1 ADHD&#8221;?<\/p>\n<h4>P\u0159\u00ed\u010diny ADHD<\/h4>\n<p>Ne\u017e rodi\u010d p\u0159ijde na to, jak pomoci vlastn\u00edmu d\u00edt\u011bti trp\u00edc\u00edmu hyperkinetick\u00fdm syndromem, obvykle si nejprve vyhled\u00e1 informace o ADHD &#8211; o jeho p\u0159\u00ed\u010din\u00e1ch a p\u0159\u00edznac\u00edch. ADHD se zam\u011bniteln\u011b ozna\u010duje jako porucha pozornosti s hyperaktivitou, hyperkinetick\u00e1 porucha nebo porucha pozornosti s hyperaktivitou. St\u00e1le v\u00edce u\u010ditel\u016f a rodi\u010d\u016f si st\u011b\u017euje na rostouc\u00ed v\u00fdskyt <a href=\"https:\/\/www.diagnostika-mysli.cz\/adhd-test\">ADHD mezi \u017e\u00e1ky<\/a>. Toto onemocn\u011bn\u00ed je charakteristick\u00e9 sv\u00fdm \u010dasn\u00fdm n\u00e1stupem &#8211; prvn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edznaky se obvykle objevuj\u00ed v prvn\u00edch p\u011bti letech \u017eivota batolete. Ji\u017e v kojeneck\u00e9m v\u011bku d\u00edt\u011b obvykle v\u00edce pl\u00e1\u010de, sp\u00ed m\u011blce a neklidn\u011b, d\u011bl\u00e1 prudk\u00e9 pohyby, snadno se roz\u010d\u00edl\u00ed a projevuje svou nespokojenost. Rodi\u010de se c\u00edt\u00ed frustrovan\u00ed a nev\u011bd\u00ed, jak sv\u00e9mu d\u00edt\u011bti pomoci, proto\u017ee pediatr je uji\u0161\u0165uje, \u017ee somaticky je d\u00edt\u011b zdrav\u00e9. P\u0159\u00edznaky ADHD se obvykle zv\u00fdrazn\u00ed, kdy\u017e d\u00edt\u011b za\u010dne chodit do \u0161koly. Nevydr\u017e\u00ed sed\u011bt v lavici 45 minut, je neposedn\u00e9, neposedn\u00e9, ve t\u0159\u00edd\u011b vyru\u0161uje, nedok\u00e1\u017ee se soust\u0159edit na zadan\u00fd \u00fakol, zapom\u00edn\u00e1 d\u011blat dom\u00e1c\u00ed \u00fakoly, \u010d\u00edm\u017e se st\u00e1v\u00e1 ve t\u0159\u00edd\u011b neobl\u00edben\u00fdm d\u00edt\u011btem, kter\u00e9 spolu\u017e\u00e1ci nemaj\u00ed r\u00e1di, a z\u00edsk\u00e1v\u00e1 n\u00e1lepku &#8220;obt\u00ed\u017en\u00e9ho \u017e\u00e1ka&#8221;. D\u011bti s ADHD \u010dasto iniciuj\u00ed h\u00e1dky a rva\u010dky, nejsou schopny spolupracovat s vrstevn\u00edky, maj\u00ed v\u00edce ne\u00fasp\u011bch\u016f ne\u017e \u00fasp\u011bch\u016f, a tak jejich sebev\u011bdom\u00ed kles\u00e1. Nedostatek k\u00e1zn\u011b \u010dasto nen\u00ed zp\u016fsoben vlastn\u00ed v\u016fl\u00ed d\u00edt\u011bte, ale jeho onemocn\u011bn\u00edm zvan\u00fdm ADHD. Jak porucha pozornosti s hyperaktivitou vznik\u00e1? Mezi p\u0159\u00ed\u010diny ADHD pat\u0159\u00ed nap\u0159: <strong>Po\u0161kozen\u00ed nervov\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu d\u00edt\u011bte v obdob\u00ed plodu:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>teratogenn\u00ed l\u00e1tky, nap\u0159. alkohol, drogy, l\u00e9ky;<\/li>\n<li>onemocn\u011bn\u00ed matky b\u011bhem t\u011bhotenstv\u00ed, nap\u0159. zard\u011bnky, p\u0159\u00edu\u0161nice, \u017eloutenka;<\/li>\n<li>\u0161patn\u00e1 strava b\u011bhem t\u011bhotenstv\u00ed;<\/li>\n<li>s\u00e9rologick\u00fd konflikt;<\/li>\n<li>genov\u00e9 mutace;<\/li>\n<li>otravy b\u011bhem t\u011bhotenstv\u00ed, nap\u0159. otrava alkoholem, cigaretami;<\/li>\n<li>mechanick\u00e1 traumata, nap\u0159. \u00fadery do b\u0159icha, p\u00e1dy;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Po\u0161kozen\u00ed nervov\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu d\u00edt\u011bte v perinat\u00e1ln\u00edm obdob\u00ed:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>mechanick\u00e9 trauma, nap\u0159. p\u0159ed\u010dasn\u00fd porod, kle\u0161\u0165ov\u00fd porod;<\/li>\n<li>hypoxie d\u00edt\u011bte b\u011bhem porodu &#8211; asfyxie;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Po\u0161kozen\u00ed nervov\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu v pr\u016fb\u011bhu \u017eivota d\u00edt\u011bte:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>z\u00e1va\u017en\u00e1 onemocn\u011bn\u00ed d\u00edt\u011bte, nap\u0159. meningitida;<\/li>\n<li>\u00farazy lebky v d\u011btstv\u00ed, nap\u0159. p\u00e1d z v\u00fd\u0161ky, ot\u0159es mozku, sra\u017een\u00ed autem;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Psychosoci\u00e1ln\u00ed faktory:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>neklidn\u00e1 atmosf\u00e9ra v rodin\u011b &#8211; h\u00e1dky rodi\u010d\u016f, rva\u010dky, m\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed rukama;<\/li>\n<li>chybn\u00fd v\u00fdchovn\u00fd styl &#8211; ned\u016fslednost, absence pevn\u011b stanoven\u00fdch po\u017eadavk\u016f, povinnost\u00ed a pr\u00e1v d\u00edt\u011bte, p\u0159\u00edsn\u00e1 v\u00fdchova, bezohledn\u00e1 discipl\u00edna;<\/li>\n<li>ignorov\u00e1n\u00ed psychick\u00fdch pot\u0159eb d\u00edt\u011bte &#8211; p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm pot\u0159eba bezpe\u010d\u00ed, p\u0159ijet\u00ed a l\u00e1sky; p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 rychl\u00e9 \u017eivotn\u00ed tempo &#8211; nedostatek \u010dasu na d\u00edt\u011b, p\u0159epracovan\u00ed rodi\u010de;<\/li>\n<li>tr\u00e1ven\u00ed voln\u00e9ho \u010dasu p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm u televize a po\u010d\u00edta\u010de, co\u017e podporuje agresivitu a n\u00e1sil\u00ed.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>P\u0159\u00edznaky ADHD<\/h4>\n<p>Jak se chov\u00e1 d\u00edt\u011b s ADHD? Hyperkinetick\u00fd syndrom se skl\u00e1d\u00e1 ze syndromu r\u016fzn\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edznak\u016f, kter\u00e9 u\u010ditel\u00e9 a rodi\u010de obvykle shrnuj\u00ed do slov &#8220;tyran&#8221;, &#8220;pot\u00ed\u017eista&#8221;, &#8220;neposeda&#8221;. Hyperaktivita se projevuje v motorick\u00e9, kognitivn\u00ed a emo\u010dn\u00ed sf\u00e9\u0159e d\u00edt\u011bte.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Motorick\u00e1 oblast<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Vysok\u00e1 pohyblivost; m\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed rukama a nohama; z\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed na odpov\u011b\u010f; pohupov\u00e1n\u00ed na \u017eidli; klep\u00e1n\u00ed prsty o st\u016fl; neobratn\u00e9 a nekoordinovan\u00e9 pohyby; nedbal\u00e9 psan\u00ed do se\u0161itu; \u010dm\u00e1r\u00e1n\u00ed; \u010dm\u00e1r\u00e1n\u00ed po stole; oh\u00fdb\u00e1n\u00ed roh\u016f v se\u0161itech a knih\u00e1ch; mimovoln\u00e9 pohyby; nerv\u00f3zn\u00ed tiky; psychomotorick\u00fd neklid; nutkav\u00e9 pohyby; kous\u00e1n\u00ed tu\u017eky; zaujet\u00ed v\u011bcmi v dosahu; vrt\u011bn\u00ed se u stolu; opou\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed lavice; chozen\u00ed po t\u0159\u00edd\u011b; kokt\u00e1n\u00ed; nadm\u011brn\u00e1 a \u0161patn\u011b kontrolovan\u00e1 aktivita<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Kognitivn\u00ed sf\u00e9ra<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Porucha pozornosti; pot\u00ed\u017ee se soust\u0159ed\u011bn\u00edm na \u00fakol; snadn\u00e1 rozt\u011bkanost; nepozornost p\u0159i pln\u011bn\u00ed \u00fakol\u016f; ignorov\u00e1n\u00ed pokyn\u016f u\u010ditele; nepln\u011bn\u00ed dom\u00e1c\u00edch \u00fakol\u016f; ukvapen\u00e9 z\u00e1v\u011bry; povrchnost my\u0161len\u00ed; d\u011bl\u00e1n\u00ed mnoha chyb; vynech\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed p\u00edsmen, slabik nebo cel\u00fdch slov ve v\u011bt\u011b; zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e1 p\u0159edstavivost; nadm\u011brn\u00e9 orienta\u010dn\u00ed reflexy; st\u0159\u00edd\u00e1n\u00ed pozornosti; nedokon\u010den\u00ed \u00fakolu a za\u010d\u00e1tek nov\u00e9ho; neschopnost soust\u0159edit se na \u00fakol po del\u0161\u00ed dobu, nap\u0159. na refer\u00e1t<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Emocion\u00e1ln\u00ed sf\u00e9ra<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Nadm\u011brn\u00e1 emo\u010dn\u00ed reaktivita; hyperaktivita; impulzivita; zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e9 vyjad\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed cit\u016f; podr\u00e1\u017ed\u011bnost; podr\u00e1\u017ed\u011bnost; pla\u010dtivost; hn\u011bv; slovn\u00ed a fyzick\u00e1 agresivita; zlost; nep\u0159\u00e1telstv\u00ed; z\u00e1\u0161\u0165; h\u00e1davost; nap\u011bt\u00ed; strach; \u00fazkost; probl\u00e9my ve vztaz\u00edch s vrstevn\u00edky a dosp\u011bl\u00fdmi; v\u00fdkyvy n\u00e1lad; n\u00e1ladovost; tvrdohlavost; sebeagrese; konflikty doma a ve \u0161kole<\/p>\n<h4>Syst\u00e9m podpory pro d\u011bti s ADHD<\/h4>\n<p>Pr\u00e1ce s hyperaktivn\u00edm d\u00edt\u011btem by m\u011bla b\u00fdt syst\u00e9mov\u00e1, tj. zalo\u017een\u00e1 na spolupr\u00e1ci mezi rodi\u010di, u\u010diteli a samotn\u00fdm d\u00edt\u011btem. Ochotu pomoci d\u00edt\u011bti s ADHD by m\u011bla projevit \u0161kola, rodina doma i samotn\u00fd hyperaktivn\u00ed \u017e\u00e1k. Syst\u00e9m podpory pro d\u011bti s ADHD na \u00farovni \u0161koly tvo\u0159\u00ed:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>u\u010ditel\u00e9, kte\u0159\u00ed pomoc\u00ed behavior\u00e1ln\u00edch metod usm\u011br\u0148uj\u00ed chov\u00e1n\u00ed d\u00edt\u011bte;<\/li>\n<li>pedagog a \u0161koln\u00ed psycholog, kte\u0159\u00ed poskytuj\u00ed podporu u\u010ditel\u016fm i samotn\u00e9mu \u017e\u00e1kovi, rad\u00ed u\u010ditel\u016fm a pom\u00e1haj\u00ed p\u0159i pl\u00e1nov\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00fduky s d\u00edt\u011btem s ADHD;<\/li>\n<li>spolupr\u00e1ce s rodi\u010di &#8211; vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed pe\u010duj\u00edc\u00edch osob o poru\u0161e pozornosti s hyperaktivitou, poskytov\u00e1n\u00ed podpory a rozv\u00edjen\u00ed strategi\u00ed zvl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed;<\/li>\n<li>veden\u00ed a pedagogick\u00e1 rada &#8211; organizace \u0161koln\u00edho z\u00e1kona, prevence ru\u0161iv\u00e9ho chov\u00e1n\u00ed \u017e\u00e1k\u016f, dohled u\u010ditel\u016f o p\u0159est\u00e1vk\u00e1ch, dohled nad bezpe\u010dnost\u00ed d\u011bt\u00ed;<\/li>\n<li>pedagogicko-psychologick\u00e9 poradny a pedagogick\u00e1 centra &#8211; sezn\u00e1men\u00ed s metodami pr\u00e1ce s \u017e\u00e1ky s ADHD, \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed konflikt\u016f.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>V prevenci a l\u00e9\u010db\u011b ADHD se vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed tak\u00e9 specializovan\u00e9 psychoterapeutick\u00e9 a psychokorektivn\u00ed metody. Psychoterapie m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt nep\u0159\u00edm\u00e1, tj. p\u016fsob\u00edc\u00ed na d\u00edt\u011b samotn\u00e9, nebo m\u016f\u017ee m\u00edt podobu nep\u0159\u00edm\u00e9 psychoterapie, zam\u011b\u0159en\u00e9 na okol\u00ed d\u00edt\u011bte &#8211; \u0161kolu, rodinu a vrstevn\u00edky. Psychoterapie hyperaktivity zahrnuje dv\u011b hlavn\u00ed oblasti &#8211; kognitivn\u00ed sf\u00e9ru a emo\u010dn\u00ed sf\u00e9ru. Aktivity se vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed k n\u00e1prav\u011b vad \u0159e\u010di, poruch koordinace oko-ruka, k odstran\u011bn\u00ed pariet\u00e1ln\u00edch deficit\u016f v jednotliv\u00fdch kognitivn\u00edch funkc\u00edch a k minimalizaci deficit\u016f ve znalostech a \u0161koln\u00edch dovednostech \u017e\u00e1ka. Krom\u011b toho se terapeutick\u00e9 intervence zam\u011b\u0159uj\u00ed na odstran\u011bn\u00ed nebo zm\u00edrn\u011bn\u00ed poruch chov\u00e1n\u00ed a obt\u00ed\u017e\u00ed v u\u010den\u00ed. Psychoterapie by m\u011bla b\u00fdt v\u017edy volena podle individu\u00e1ln\u00edch pot\u0159eb, situace a osobnosti hyperaktivn\u00edho d\u00edt\u011bte. Jak\u00e9 terapie se pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed p\u0159i pr\u00e1ci s d\u00edt\u011btem s ADHD?<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>terapie &#8220;dr\u017een\u00edm&#8221; &#8211; spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 v udr\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed d\u00edt\u011bte v t\u011bsn\u00e9m t\u011blesn\u00e9m kontaktu, aby se omezila mo\u017enost d\u00edt\u011bte projevovat agresi.<\/li>\n<li>Rodinn\u00e1 terapie &#8211; zlep\u0161uje komunikaci a vztahy mezi rodi\u010di a d\u011btmi.<\/li>\n<li>Behavior\u00e1ln\u00ed terapie &#8211; u\u010d\u00ed sebeovl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed a vytrvalosti.<\/li>\n<li>Pohybov\u00e1 terapie &#8211; v\u00fdchovn\u00e1 kineziologie, metoda V. Sherborna. Sherbornova metoda.<\/li>\n<li>Terapie smyslov\u00e9 integrace.<\/li>\n<li>Muzikoterapie, arteterapie, relaxa\u010dn\u00ed techniky.<\/li>\n<li>Farmakoterapie (l\u00e9ky) a homeopatick\u00e1 terapie.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>Pokyny pro pr\u00e1ci doma<\/h4>\n<p>Pr\u00e1ce s hyperaktivn\u00edm d\u00edt\u011btem prob\u00edh\u00e1 v\u017edy &#8220;tady a te\u010f&#8221;, tj. korekce abnorm\u00e1ln\u00edho chov\u00e1n\u00ed a reakc\u00ed mus\u00ed prob\u00edhat pr\u016fb\u011b\u017en\u011b. P\u0159irozen\u00fdm prost\u0159ed\u00edm pro batole je domov, kde by m\u011bla panovat klidn\u00e1 a p\u0159ij\u00edmaj\u00edc\u00ed atmosf\u00e9ra. D\u00edt\u011b s ADHD je snadno vyvedeno z rovnov\u00e1hy a rozpt\u00fdleno, proto je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 p\u0159i jedn\u00e1n\u00ed s batoletem nereagovat prudce a v\u00fdbu\u0161n\u011b. Bu\u010fte trp\u011bliv\u00ed a d\u016fsledn\u011b uplat\u0148ujte p\u0159edem stanoven\u00e1, jasn\u00e1 a jednoduch\u00e1 pravidla. D\u00edt\u011b mus\u00ed c\u00edtit, \u017ee je milov\u00e1no, ale \u017ee se od n\u011bj tak\u00e9 o\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1, \u017ee bude plnit sv\u00e9 povinnosti. Po\u017eadavky by samoz\u0159ejm\u011b m\u011bly odpov\u00eddat schopnostem d\u00edt\u011bte. Rodi\u010de by nem\u011bli zapom\u00ednat chv\u00e1lit i ty nejmen\u0161\u00ed pokroky d\u00edt\u011bte a oce\u0148ovat vynalo\u017een\u00e9 \u00fasil\u00ed. Denn\u00ed rozvrh by m\u011bl b\u00fdt strukturovan\u00fd tak, aby d\u00edt\u011b nem\u011blo pocit chaosu. Rodi\u010d mus\u00ed vymezit konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed \u010dasy pro vst\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed, j\u00eddlo, sledov\u00e1n\u00ed televize, dom\u00e1c\u00ed \u00fakoly a u\u010den\u00ed. Je dobr\u00e9 omezit d\u00edt\u011bti sledov\u00e1n\u00ed po\u0159ad\u016f, v nich\u017e se oz\u00fdv\u00e1 agrese a n\u00e1sil\u00ed, aby nedoch\u00e1zelo k modelov\u00e1n\u00ed negativn\u00edch vzorc\u016f chov\u00e1n\u00ed. D\u00edt\u011b s ADHD by m\u011blo m\u00edt sv\u016fj vlastn\u00ed pokoj nebo prostor pro dom\u00e1c\u00ed \u00fakoly. Pokoj by m\u011bl b\u00fdt minimalistick\u00fd, bez zbyte\u010dn\u00fdch dekorac\u00ed, kter\u00e9 by mohly d\u00edt\u011b rozptylovat. V ide\u00e1ln\u00edm p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b by st\u011bny m\u011bly b\u00fdt vymalov\u00e1ny b\u00edlou barvou. P\u0159i u\u010den\u00ed by m\u011bly b\u00fdt eliminov\u00e1ny v\u0161echny ru\u0161iv\u00e9 prvky, kter\u00e9 by mohly d\u00edt\u011b rozptylovat &#8211; r\u00e1dio, televize, po\u010d\u00edta\u010d, mobiln\u00ed telefon by m\u011bly b\u00fdt vypnuty, nepot\u0159ebn\u00e9 pom\u016fcky by m\u011bly b\u00fdt odlo\u017eeny do batohu a na stole by m\u011blo z\u016fstat jen to, co je v danou chv\u00edli nezbytn\u00e9. Rodi\u010de by m\u011bli m\u00edt pro d\u00edt\u011b pochopen\u00ed &#8211; jeho vztek nen\u00ed zp\u016fsoben zlou v\u016fl\u00ed, ale neschopnost\u00ed ovl\u00e1dat rozru\u0161en\u00ed nervov\u00e9 soustavy. B\u011bhem u\u010den\u00ed je t\u0159eba napl\u00e1novat \u010das na p\u0159est\u00e1vku, proto\u017ee d\u00edt\u011b se rychle za\u010dne nudit a u\u010den\u00ed se st\u00e1v\u00e1 neefektivn\u00edm. P\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm by se rodi\u010de m\u011bli zaj\u00edmat o probl\u00e9my vlastn\u00edho batolete, v\u011bnovat mu \u010das a pozornost a v dob\u011b konfliktu &#8211; nenech\u00e1vat je v nejistot\u011b, ale ihned po neshod\u011b celou situaci vysv\u011btlit. Kdy\u017e rodi\u010de maj\u00ed probl\u00e9m zvl\u00e1dnout sv\u00e9 hyperaktivn\u00ed batole sami, mohou vyu\u017e\u00edt pomoci \u0161koln\u00edho psychologa, dobrovolnick\u00fdch organizac\u00ed, pedagogicko-psychologick\u00fdch poraden a \u0161koly, ale i r\u016fzn\u00fdch nadac\u00ed a organizac\u00ed poskytuj\u00edc\u00edch pomoc rodi\u010d\u016fm d\u011bt\u00ed s ADHD. Vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed rodi\u010d\u016f je velmi d\u016fle\u017eitou sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed pomoci samotn\u00e9mu d\u00edt\u011bti. Je v\u0161ak t\u0159eba m\u00edt na pam\u011bti, \u017ee znalosti o hyperkinetick\u00fdch poruch\u00e1ch by m\u011bly b\u00fdt p\u0159ed\u00e1v\u00e1ny postupn\u011b &#8211; ne najednou.<\/p>\n<h4>Tipy pro pr\u00e1ci ve \u0161kole<\/h4>\n<p>Jedn\u00edm z n\u00e1pad\u016f, jak &#8220;pomoci&#8221; d\u00edt\u011bti s hyperaktivitou, je navrhnout individu\u00e1ln\u00ed v\u00fduku. To nen\u00ed dobr\u00e1 strategie \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, proto\u017ee d\u00edt\u011b ztr\u00e1c\u00ed mo\u017enost interakce s vrstevn\u00edky a nenau\u010d\u00ed se pravidla soci\u00e1ln\u00ed interakce. Individu\u00e1ln\u00ed v\u00fduka je ve skute\u010dnosti v\u00fdhodn\u00fdm \u0159e\u0161en\u00edm pro u\u010ditele, kter\u00fd se chce zbavit ru\u0161iv\u00e9ho a obt\u00ed\u017en\u00e9ho \u017e\u00e1ka ze t\u0159\u00eddy. Individu\u00e1ln\u00ed v\u00fduka je v\u0161ak a\u017e posledn\u00ed mo\u017enost\u00ed. D\u00edt\u011b s ADHD by m\u011blo b\u00fdt postupn\u011b za\u010dlen\u011bno do \u017eivota t\u0159\u00eddn\u00edho kolektivu. Co by m\u011bl m\u00edt u\u010ditel na pam\u011bti p\u0159i pr\u00e1ci s hyperaktivn\u00edm \u017e\u00e1kem?<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Ve t\u0159\u00edd\u011b by nem\u011bly b\u00fdt \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 prvky (n\u00e1st\u011bnn\u00e9 pap\u00edry, tabulky, v\u00fdstavky), kter\u00e9 by mohly d\u00edt\u011b rozptylovat. Pokud mus\u00ed b\u00fdt v m\u00edstnosti u\u010debn\u00ed pom\u016fcky, nech\u0165 jsou um\u00edst\u011bny na konci, za lavicemi.<\/li>\n<li>\u017d\u00e1k by m\u011bl sed\u011bt bl\u00edzko u\u010ditele, nap\u0159. v prvn\u00ed lavici, aby v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b nebezpe\u010dn\u00fdch situac\u00ed mohl u\u010ditel rychle zas\u00e1hnout.<\/li>\n<li>Okna t\u0159\u00eddy by m\u011bla b\u00fdt pokud mo\u017eno zakryt\u00e1.<\/li>\n<li>B\u011bhem vyu\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed je t\u0159eba d\u011blat p\u0159est\u00e1vky na t\u011blocvik, aby se zabr\u00e1nilo monot\u00f3nnosti a nud\u011b.<\/li>\n<li>Ve \u0161koln\u00ed lavici by m\u011bly b\u00fdt pouze ty pom\u016fcky, kter\u00e9 jsou nezbytn\u00e9 pro v\u00fduku &#8211; nic jin\u00e9ho.<\/li>\n<li>Vyu\u010dovac\u00ed hodina by m\u011bla b\u00fdt rozd\u011blena do n\u011bkolika p\u0159ehledn\u00fdch etap. Rozvrh hodin m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt naps\u00e1n na tabuli.<\/li>\n<li>U\u010ditel mus\u00ed zajistit, aby si \u017e\u00e1k p\u0159ed zvon\u011bn\u00edm na p\u0159est\u00e1vku zapsal dom\u00e1c\u00ed \u00fakol do se\u0161itu.<\/li>\n<li>Je dobr\u00e9 zav\u00e9st v\u00fdukov\u00e9 metody, kter\u00e9 d\u00edt\u011bti usnad\u0148uj\u00ed u\u010den\u00ed, nap\u0159. multimedi\u00e1ln\u00ed prezentace, skupinov\u00e1 pr\u00e1ce apod. \u010c\u00edm zaj\u00edmav\u011bj\u0161\u00ed bude hodina, t\u00edm m\u00e9n\u011b bude \u017e\u00e1k vyru\u0161ovat.<\/li>\n<li>Pokyny by m\u011bly b\u00fdt jasn\u00e9 a konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed. U\u010ditel by se m\u011bl vyvarovat pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed slova &#8220;ne&#8221;, proto\u017ee apeluje na mechanismus inhibice aktivity, kter\u00fd u d\u011bt\u00ed s ADHD nefunguje. M\u00edsto toho, abyste \u0159\u00edkali nap\u0159: &#8220;Necho\u010f po t\u0159\u00edd\u011b&#8221;, je lep\u0161\u00ed \u0159\u00edci: &#8220;Necho\u010f po t\u0159\u00edd\u011b&#8221;: &#8220;Sedni si na \u017eidli&#8221;.<\/li>\n<li>U\u010ditel by se m\u011bl v\u00edce zam\u011b\u0159it na pozitivn\u00ed posilov\u00e1n\u00ed (odm\u011bny) ne\u017e na negativn\u00ed posilov\u00e1n\u00ed (tresty), aby d\u00edt\u011b povzbudil ke spr\u00e1vn\u00e9mu chov\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/li>\n<li>Je t\u0159eba vytvo\u0159it se t\u0159\u00eddou smlouvu, tj. stanovit jasn\u00e9 postupy a pravidla s konkr\u00e9tn\u00edmi d\u016fsledky za jejich nedodr\u017een\u00ed.<\/li>\n<li>Agresivita nesm\u00ed b\u00fdt trest\u00e1na agres\u00ed.<\/li>\n<li>Zv\u00fd\u0161enou pot\u0159ebu d\u00edt\u011bte pohybovat se lze vyu\u017e\u00edt zapojen\u00edm \u017e\u00e1ka do pozitivn\u011b zam\u011b\u0159en\u00fdch \u010dinnost\u00ed, nap\u0159. po\u017e\u00e1dat ho, aby ot\u0159el tabuli, p\u0159inesl k\u0159\u00eddu nebo u\u010debn\u00ed pom\u016fcky ze \u0161koln\u00ed knihovny.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Pr\u00e1ce s hyperaktivn\u00edm d\u00edt\u011btem nen\u00ed snadn\u00e1. Vy\u017eaduje trp\u011blivost a nasazen\u00ed a na v\u00fdsledky je n\u011bkdy t\u0159eba \u010dekat velmi dlouho. \u010clov\u011bk se v\u0161ak nesm\u00ed vzd\u00e1t a nechat se odradit, proto\u017ee i ten nejmen\u0161\u00ed krok vp\u0159ed je n\u011bkdy &#8220;miln\u00edkem&#8221;.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h4>Zdroj<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li><em>https:\/\/portal.abczdrowie.pl\/praca-z-dziecmi-nadpobudliwymi<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Pr\u00e1ce s hyperaktivn\u00edm d\u00edt\u011btem vy\u017eaduje trp\u011blivost a pravidelnost. Proces podpory by m\u011bl za\u010d\u00edt ve f\u00e1zi diagnostiky ADHD. Z\u00e1kladem pro diagnostiku hyperkinetick\u00e9ho syndromu jsou v\u017edy v\u00fdpov\u011bdi&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2423,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false},"categories":[780],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v18.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Pr\u00e1ce s hyperaktivn\u00edmi d\u011btmi - Test Mysli<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.diagnostika-mysli.cz\/blog\/adhd\/prace-s-hyperaktivnimi-detmi\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"cs_CZ\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Pr\u00e1ce s hyperaktivn\u00edmi d\u011btmi - Test Mysli\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Pr\u00e1ce s hyperaktivn\u00edm d\u00edt\u011btem vy\u017eaduje trp\u011blivost a pravidelnost. Proces podpory by m\u011bl za\u010d\u00edt ve f\u00e1zi diagnostiky ADHD. Z\u00e1kladem pro diagnostiku hyperkinetick\u00e9ho syndromu jsou v\u017edy v\u00fdpov\u011bdi...\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.diagnostika-mysli.cz\/blog\/adhd\/prace-s-hyperaktivnimi-detmi\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Test Mysli\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2022-08-04T12:00:57+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-01-03T11:01:33+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.diagnostika-mysli.cz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/5.png\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"664\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"365\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Napsal(a)\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Test Mysli\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Odhadovan\u00e1 doba \u010dten\u00ed\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"9 minut\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.diagnostika-mysli.cz\/blog\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.diagnostika-mysli.cz\/blog\/\",\"name\":\"Test Mysli\",\"description\":\"Blog o poruch\u00e1ch mysli\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/www.diagnostika-mysli.cz\/blog\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":\"required name=search_term_string\"}],\"inLanguage\":\"cs\"},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.diagnostika-mysli.cz\/blog\/adhd\/prace-s-hyperaktivnimi-detmi\/#primaryimage\",\"inLanguage\":\"cs\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.diagnostika-mysli.cz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/5.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.diagnostika-mysli.cz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/5.png\",\"width\":664,\"height\":365},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.diagnostika-mysli.cz\/blog\/adhd\/prace-s-hyperaktivnimi-detmi\/#webpage\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.diagnostika-mysli.cz\/blog\/adhd\/prace-s-hyperaktivnimi-detmi\/\",\"name\":\"Pr\u00e1ce s hyperaktivn\u00edmi d\u011btmi - Test Mysli\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.diagnostika-mysli.cz\/blog\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.diagnostika-mysli.cz\/blog\/adhd\/prace-s-hyperaktivnimi-detmi\/#primaryimage\"},\"datePublished\":\"2022-08-04T12:00:57+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-01-03T11:01:33+00:00\",\"author\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.diagnostika-mysli.cz\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/8eb1bcaf59fea75c780c11946f4e3490\"},\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.diagnostika-mysli.cz\/blog\/adhd\/prace-s-hyperaktivnimi-detmi\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"cs\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/www.diagnostika-mysli.cz\/blog\/adhd\/prace-s-hyperaktivnimi-detmi\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.diagnostika-mysli.cz\/blog\/adhd\/prace-s-hyperaktivnimi-detmi\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Blog\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/www.diagnostika-mysli.cz\/blog\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"ADHD\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/www.diagnostika-mysli.cz\/blog\/adhd\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":3,\"name\":\"Pr\u00e1ce s hyperaktivn\u00edmi d\u011btmi\"}]},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.diagnostika-mysli.cz\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/8eb1bcaf59fea75c780c11946f4e3490\",\"name\":\"Test Mysli\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.diagnostika-mysli.cz\/blog\/#personlogo\",\"inLanguage\":\"cs\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/6743211f010801ea26aa9423a2daab37?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/6743211f010801ea26aa9423a2daab37?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"caption\":\"Test Mysli\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https:\/\/www.diagnostika-mysli.cz\/blog\"],\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.diagnostika-mysli.cz\/blog\/author\/diagnostyka-umyslu\/\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Pr\u00e1ce s hyperaktivn\u00edmi d\u011btmi - Test Mysli","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/www.diagnostika-mysli.cz\/blog\/adhd\/prace-s-hyperaktivnimi-detmi\/","og_locale":"cs_CZ","og_type":"article","og_title":"Pr\u00e1ce s hyperaktivn\u00edmi d\u011btmi - Test Mysli","og_description":"Pr\u00e1ce s hyperaktivn\u00edm d\u00edt\u011btem vy\u017eaduje trp\u011blivost a pravidelnost. Proces podpory by m\u011bl za\u010d\u00edt ve f\u00e1zi diagnostiky ADHD. Z\u00e1kladem pro diagnostiku hyperkinetick\u00e9ho syndromu jsou v\u017edy v\u00fdpov\u011bdi...","og_url":"https:\/\/www.diagnostika-mysli.cz\/blog\/adhd\/prace-s-hyperaktivnimi-detmi\/","og_site_name":"Test Mysli","article_published_time":"2022-08-04T12:00:57+00:00","article_modified_time":"2024-01-03T11:01:33+00:00","og_image":[{"width":664,"height":365,"url":"https:\/\/www.diagnostika-mysli.cz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/5.png","type":"image\/png"}],"twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Napsal(a)":"Test Mysli","Odhadovan\u00e1 doba \u010dten\u00ed":"9 minut"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/www.diagnostika-mysli.cz\/blog\/#website","url":"https:\/\/www.diagnostika-mysli.cz\/blog\/","name":"Test Mysli","description":"Blog o poruch\u00e1ch mysli","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/www.diagnostika-mysli.cz\/blog\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":"required name=search_term_string"}],"inLanguage":"cs"},{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/www.diagnostika-mysli.cz\/blog\/adhd\/prace-s-hyperaktivnimi-detmi\/#primaryimage","inLanguage":"cs","url":"https:\/\/www.diagnostika-mysli.cz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/5.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/www.diagnostika-mysli.cz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/5.png","width":664,"height":365},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/www.diagnostika-mysli.cz\/blog\/adhd\/prace-s-hyperaktivnimi-detmi\/#webpage","url":"https:\/\/www.diagnostika-mysli.cz\/blog\/adhd\/prace-s-hyperaktivnimi-detmi\/","name":"Pr\u00e1ce s hyperaktivn\u00edmi d\u011btmi - Test Mysli","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.diagnostika-mysli.cz\/blog\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.diagnostika-mysli.cz\/blog\/adhd\/prace-s-hyperaktivnimi-detmi\/#primaryimage"},"datePublished":"2022-08-04T12:00:57+00:00","dateModified":"2024-01-03T11:01:33+00:00","author":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.diagnostika-mysli.cz\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/8eb1bcaf59fea75c780c11946f4e3490"},"breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.diagnostika-mysli.cz\/blog\/adhd\/prace-s-hyperaktivnimi-detmi\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"cs","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/www.diagnostika-mysli.cz\/blog\/adhd\/prace-s-hyperaktivnimi-detmi\/"]}]},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/www.diagnostika-mysli.cz\/blog\/adhd\/prace-s-hyperaktivnimi-detmi\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Blog","item":"https:\/\/www.diagnostika-mysli.cz\/blog\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"ADHD","item":"https:\/\/www.diagnostika-mysli.cz\/blog\/adhd\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":3,"name":"Pr\u00e1ce s hyperaktivn\u00edmi d\u011btmi"}]},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/www.diagnostika-mysli.cz\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/8eb1bcaf59fea75c780c11946f4e3490","name":"Test Mysli","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/www.diagnostika-mysli.cz\/blog\/#personlogo","inLanguage":"cs","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/6743211f010801ea26aa9423a2daab37?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/6743211f010801ea26aa9423a2daab37?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"Test Mysli"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/www.diagnostika-mysli.cz\/blog"],"url":"https:\/\/www.diagnostika-mysli.cz\/blog\/author\/diagnostyka-umyslu\/"}]}},"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.diagnostika-mysli.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2422"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.diagnostika-mysli.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.diagnostika-mysli.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.diagnostika-mysli.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.diagnostika-mysli.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2422"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.diagnostika-mysli.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2422\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2728,"href":"https:\/\/www.diagnostika-mysli.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2422\/revisions\/2728"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.diagnostika-mysli.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2423"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.diagnostika-mysli.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2422"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.diagnostika-mysli.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2422"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.diagnostika-mysli.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2422"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}