{"id":2429,"date":"2022-08-06T08:00:31","date_gmt":"2022-08-06T12:00:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.diagnostika-mysli.cz\/blog\/?p=2429"},"modified":"2024-01-03T12:02:31","modified_gmt":"2024-01-03T11:02:31","slug":"priznaky-adhd","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.diagnostika-mysli.cz\/blog\/adhd\/priznaky-adhd\/","title":{"rendered":"P\u0159\u00edznaky ADHD"},"content":{"rendered":"

P\u0159\u00edznak\u016f ADHD<\/a> si okol\u00ed d\u00edt\u011bte obvykle v\u0161imne, kdy\u017e za\u010dne chodit do z\u00e1kladn\u00ed \u0161koly, tedy kolem sedm\u00e9ho roku v\u011bku. Obvykle se v\u0161ak p\u0159\u00edznaky charakteristick\u00e9 pro tento syndrom objevuj\u00ed mnohem d\u0159\u00edve. N\u011bkter\u00e9 zdroje uv\u00e1d\u011bj\u00ed, \u017ee je lze pozorovat ji\u017e od narozen\u00ed d\u00edt\u011bte). V prvn\u00edm obdob\u00ed jeho \u017eivota v\u0161ak diagn\u00f3zu nelze stanovit, proto\u017ee nen\u00ed mo\u017en\u00e9 posoudit poruchy ze v\u0161ech skupin a splnit v\u0161echna diagnostick\u00e1 krit\u00e9ria.<\/p>\n

Kdo m\u00e1 ADHD?<\/h4>\n

ADHD je zkratka odvozen\u00e1 z anglick\u00e9ho n\u00e1zvu – Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, co\u017e znamen\u00e1 porucha pozornosti s hyperaktivitou, zn\u00e1m\u00e1 tak\u00e9 jako hyperkinetick\u00fd syndrom. ADHD postihuje p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 5 % d\u011bt\u00ed mlad\u0161\u00edho \u0161koln\u00edho v\u011bku a odhaduje se, \u017ee tento pod\u00edl m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt je\u0161t\u011b vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed. Jedn\u00e1 se o nej\u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdvojovou poruchu a vyskytuje se bez ohledu na kulturu. Podle r\u016fzn\u00fdch \u00fadaj\u016f je 2-4kr\u00e1t \u010dast\u011bji diagnostikov\u00e1na u chlapc\u016f ne\u017e u d\u00edvek. Objevuje se brzy – obvykle b\u011bhem prvn\u00edch p\u011bti let \u017eivota d\u00edt\u011bte, i kdy\u017e je obvykle obt\u00ed\u017en\u00e9 zachytit po\u010d\u00e1te\u010dn\u00ed n\u00e1stup p\u0159\u00edznak\u016f. Rodi\u010de nej\u010dast\u011bji vyhledaj\u00ed pomoc, kdy\u017e je z\u0159ejm\u00e9, \u017ee znaky hyperaktivity br\u00e1n\u00ed jejich d\u00edt\u011bti ve \u0161koln\u00ed doch\u00e1zce. Z tohoto d\u016fvodu je mnoho d\u011bt\u00ed odesl\u00e1no k odborn\u00edk\u016fm ve v\u011bku sedmi let, i kdy\u017e rozhovor s rodi\u010di \u010dasto uk\u00e1\u017ee, \u017ee rysy hyperaktivity byly patrn\u00e9 ji\u017e d\u0159\u00edve.<\/p>\n

Hyperaktivita u ADHD<\/h4>\n

P\u0159\u00edznaky ADHD lze rozd\u011blit do t\u0159\u00ed hlavn\u00edch kategori\u00ed, mezi n\u011b\u017e pat\u0159\u00ed: nadm\u011brn\u00e1 motorick\u00e1 aktivita, nadm\u011brn\u00e1 impulzivita a porucha pozornosti. Pro osoby s poruchou pozornosti s hyperaktivitou jsou charakteristick\u00e9 pot\u00ed\u017ee s vytrv\u00e1n\u00edm v \u010dinnosti, kter\u00e1 vy\u017eaduje kognitivn\u00ed zapojen\u00ed, a tendence opustit jednu \u010dinnost ve prosp\u011bch jin\u00e9, ani\u017e by byly dokon\u010deny ob\u011b. Hyperreaktivita je definov\u00e1na jako takov\u00e1 pohybov\u00e1 aktivita d\u00edt\u011bte, kter\u00e1 je v\u00fdrazn\u011b vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed ve srovn\u00e1n\u00ed s pohybovou aktivitou ostatn\u00edch d\u011bt\u00ed stejn\u00e9ho v\u011bku a v\u00fdvojov\u00e9 \u00farovn\u011b. D\u00edt\u011b posti\u017een\u00e9 ADHD toti\u017e svou pohybovou aktivitou mezi sv\u00fdmi vrstevn\u00edky velmi vynik\u00e1. To se projev\u00ed zejm\u00e9na p\u0159i n\u00e1stupu do z\u00e1kladn\u00ed \u0161koly. Jednou ze situac\u00ed, kter\u00e1 nejl\u00e9pe ilustruje tento probl\u00e9m, je neschopnost “sed\u011bt v klidu” b\u011bhem vyu\u010dovac\u00ed hodiny, kter\u00e1 trv\u00e1 45 minut, vst\u00e1vat, chodit po m\u00edstnosti. To samoz\u0159ejm\u011b neznamen\u00e1, \u017ee ka\u017ed\u00e9 d\u00edt\u011b, kter\u00e9 se b\u011bhem vyu\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00e1l\u00ed na \u017eidli, by m\u011blo b\u00fdt pova\u017eov\u00e1no za d\u00edt\u011b s ADHD. Shr\u0148me, \u017ee mezi charakteristick\u00e9 projevy hyperaktivity pat\u0159\u00ed:<\/p>\n

    \n
  • v\u00fdrazn\u00fd pohybov\u00fd neklid,<\/li>\n
  • neschopnost z\u016fstat v klidu i po kr\u00e1tkou dobu,<\/li>\n
  • zved\u00e1n\u00ed se z m\u00edsta,<\/li>\n
  • bezc\u00edln\u00e1 ch\u016fze,<\/li>\n
  • bezc\u00edln\u00fd b\u011bh,<\/li>\n
  • sp\u00ed\u0161e b\u011bh ne\u017e ch\u016fze,<\/li>\n
  • m\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed rukama a nohama,<\/li>\n
  • mluven\u00ed,<\/li>\n
  • nar\u00e1\u017een\u00ed do v\u011bc\u00ed,<\/li>\n
  • neust\u00e1l\u00e9 prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed i mal\u00fdch pohyb\u016f, nap\u0159. houp\u00e1n\u00ed na \u017eidli, hran\u00ed si se v\u0161emi p\u0159edm\u011bty v dosahu.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    Je v\u0161ak t\u0159eba znovu zd\u016fraznit, \u017ee ADHD nelze diagnostikovat pouze na z\u00e1klad\u011b jednoho z uveden\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edznak\u016f, proto\u017ee je pravd\u011bpodobn\u00e9, \u017ee v\u011bt\u0161ina z n\u00e1s se bude opakovan\u011b chovat alespo\u0148 jedn\u00edm z uveden\u00fdch zp\u016fsob\u016f, by\u0165 jen ve stresov\u00e9 situaci.<\/p>\n

    Impulzivita u ADHD<\/h4>\n

    Dal\u0161\u00edm charakteristick\u00fdm rysem osob s ADHD je impulzivita, kter\u00e1 je v popsan\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpadech v\u00fdrazn\u011b zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e1. To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee posti\u017een\u00e9 d\u011bti jednaj\u00ed nekontrolovan\u011b, to znamen\u00e1, \u017ee nejsou schopny p\u0159estat s t\u00edm, co d\u011blaj\u00ed. Obvykle si jsou abnorm\u00e1lnosti sv\u00e9ho chov\u00e1n\u00ed v\u011bdomy, proto\u017ee znaj\u00ed pravidla. Nejsou v\u0161ak schopny sv\u00e9 jedn\u00e1n\u00ed kontrolovat a nep\u0159em\u00fd\u0161lej\u00ed o d\u016fsledc\u00edch sv\u00e9ho jedn\u00e1n\u00ed. Nadm\u011brn\u00e1 impulzivita je neschopnost odlo\u017eit nebo potla\u010dit reakci. Projevuje se okam\u017eit\u00fdm prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00edm n\u00e1pad\u016f, ani\u017e by \u010dlov\u011bk nejprve p\u0159em\u00fd\u0161lel o d\u016fsledc\u00edch sv\u00e9ho jedn\u00e1n\u00ed. Jin\u00fdmi slovy, \u010dlov\u011bk s ADHD “nejd\u0159\u00edve ud\u011bl\u00e1 a pak p\u0159em\u00fd\u0161l\u00ed”. Ilustrativn\u00edmi p\u0159\u00edklady t\u00e9to situace m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt chov\u00e1n\u00ed, jako nap\u0159:<\/p>\n

      \n
    • \u010dast\u00e9 vm\u011b\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed do rozhovor\u016f jin\u00fdch lid\u00ed,<\/li>\n
    • ru\u0161en\u00ed ticha navzdory \u010dast\u00fdm p\u0159ipom\u00ednk\u00e1m,<\/li>\n
    • vyb\u00edh\u00e1n\u00ed na ulici,<\/li>\n
    • v\u00fdbuchy hn\u011bvu,<\/li>\n
    • p\u0159ehnan\u00e9 reakce na podn\u011bty z okol\u00ed,<\/li>\n
    • zbrklost v jedn\u00e1n\u00ed,<\/li>\n
    • n\u00e1chylnost k sugesci – d\u00edt\u011b s ADHD se nech\u00e1 snadno p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010dit, aby ud\u011blalo n\u011bjakou hloupost,<\/li>\n
    • probl\u00e9my s pl\u00e1nov\u00e1n\u00edm, kter\u00e9 se projevuj\u00ed zejm\u00e9na tehdy, kdy\u017e m\u00e1 d\u00edt\u011b samostatn\u011b plnit n\u011bjak\u00fd \u00fakol a mus\u00ed sledovat, co u\u017e ud\u011blalo a co je\u0161t\u011b mus\u00ed ud\u011blat,<\/li>\n
    • ne\u00famysln\u00e9 rozb\u00edjen\u00ed hra\u010dek,<\/li>\n
    • \u010dast\u00e1 podr\u00e1\u017ed\u011bnost,<\/li>\n
    • nedostatek trp\u011blivosti – d\u00edt\u011b nedok\u00e1\u017ee \u010dekat na odm\u011bnu.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      Porucha pozornosti p\u0159i ADHD<\/h4>\n

      Jak ji\u017e bylo zm\u00edn\u011bno, obraz ADHD je d\u00e1le umocn\u011bn p\u0159\u00edznaky v oblasti poruchy pozornosti. U osob s t\u00edmto syndromem je v\u00fdrazn\u011b naru\u0161ena schopnost soust\u0159edit pozornost na dan\u00fd \u00fakol. To zahrnuje zkr\u00e1cen\u00ed doby, po kterou je d\u00edt\u011b schopno soust\u0159edit svou pozornost na jednu \u010dinnost. Probl\u00e9m spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 tak\u00e9 v neschopnosti vybrat z vn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch podn\u011bt\u016f ten nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed. Z tohoto d\u016fvodu se d\u011btem s ADHD \u010dasto zd\u00e1, \u017ee sn\u00ed. Krom\u011b toho nejsou schopny soust\u0159edit pozornost na dv\u011b \u010dinnosti sou\u010dasn\u011b, nap\u0159. poslouchat u\u010ditele a z\u00e1rove\u0148 si d\u011blat pozn\u00e1mky. N\u00e1r\u016fst t\u011bchto p\u0159\u00edznak\u016f je pozorov\u00e1n p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm v situac\u00edch, kdy je od d\u00edt\u011bte vy\u017eadov\u00e1no del\u0161\u00ed soust\u0159ed\u011bn\u00ed, nap\u0159. p\u0159i poslechu mluven\u00e9ho slova nebo \u010dten\u00ed textu. Tak\u00e9 pobyt ve v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed skupin\u011b lid\u00ed, nap\u0159. ve \u0161kole, m\u016f\u017ee zp\u016fsobit zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed poruchy pozornosti. Je v\u0161ak t\u0159eba poznamenat, \u017ee d\u011bti s ADHD jsou schopny soust\u0159edit svou pozornost i na velmi dlouhou dobu na n\u011bco, co je zaj\u00edm\u00e1. Nejsou toho v\u0161ak schopny “n\u00e1sil\u00edm”. V b\u011b\u017en\u00e9m \u017eivot\u011b mohou poruchy pozornosti zp\u016fsobit n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed situace:<\/p>\n

        \n
      • pot\u00ed\u017ee s dokon\u010den\u00edm del\u0161\u00edho \u00fakolu, kter\u00fd se skl\u00e1d\u00e1 z n\u011bkolika pokyn\u016f,<\/li>\n
      • zapomenut\u00ed vz\u00edt si do \u0161koly u\u010debnice, se\u0161ity apod<\/li>\n
      • zapom\u00edn\u00e1n\u00ed na dom\u00e1c\u00ed \u00fakoly nebo na to, jak\u00e1 cvi\u010den\u00ed se d\u011blala,<\/li>\n
      • nadm\u011brn\u00e1 roztr\u017eitost,<\/li>\n
      • zah\u00e1jen\u00ed dal\u0161\u00ed \u010dinnosti, ani\u017e by byla dokon\u010dena ta p\u0159edchoz\u00ed.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

        D\u00edt\u011b s ADHD je snadno rozpt\u00fdlen\u00e9, soust\u0159ed\u00ed se kr\u00e1tkou dobu, \u0161patn\u011b si pamatuje detaily, m\u00e1 pot\u00ed\u017ee s dodr\u017eov\u00e1n\u00edm pokyn\u016f, \u010dasto ztr\u00e1c\u00ed a zapom\u00edn\u00e1 v\u011bci, nep\u0159episuje p\u0159esn\u011b z tabule.<\/p>\n

        Typy ADHD<\/h4>\n

        Obraz tohoto onemocn\u011bn\u00ed nen\u00ed samoz\u0159ejm\u011b u ka\u017ed\u00e9ho d\u00edt\u011bte stejn\u00fd. Tak\u00e9 ne v\u0161echny p\u0159\u00edznaky se vyskytuj\u00ed se stejnou intenzitou. N\u011bkdy je jedna skupina p\u0159\u00edznak\u016f mnohem v\u00fdrazn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e ostatn\u00ed, dominuje. Z tohoto d\u016fvodu bylo zavedeno d\u011blen\u00ed na 3 podtypy ADHD:<\/p>\n

          \n
        • ADHD s p\u0159eva\u017euj\u00edc\u00edmi p\u0159\u00edznaky hyperaktivity a impulzivity,<\/li>\n
        • ADHD s p\u0159eva\u017euj\u00edc\u00ed poruchou pozornosti,<\/li>\n
        • sm\u00ed\u0161en\u00fd podtyp (nej\u010dast\u011bji diagnostikovan\u00fd).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

          Kter\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edznaky p\u0159eva\u017euj\u00ed, a tedy kter\u00fd typ je v konkr\u00e9tn\u00edm p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b nejpravd\u011bpodobn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, do jist\u00e9 m\u00edry z\u00e1vis\u00ed na pohlav\u00ed a v\u011bku. Vych\u00e1z\u00edme z dlouholet\u00fdch pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed, kter\u00e1 vedla k n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edm z\u00e1v\u011br\u016fm:<\/p>\n

            \n
          • u chlapc\u016f je pravd\u011bpodobn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed sm\u00ed\u0161en\u00fd podtyp, zat\u00edmco u d\u00edvek p\u0159eva\u017euj\u00ed p\u0159\u00edznaky souvisej\u00edc\u00ed s poruchou pozornosti;<\/li>\n
          • s v\u011bkem se m\u011bn\u00ed obraz onemocn\u011bn\u00ed, z\u00e1va\u017enost jednotliv\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edznak\u016f, a t\u00edm i typ dominantn\u00edch p\u0159\u00edznak\u016f. Odhaduje se, \u017ee p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b u 30 % jedinc\u016f s diagn\u00f3zou ADHD v d\u011btstv\u00ed p\u0159\u00edznaky do dosp\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed vymiz\u00ed a \u017ee v\u011bt\u0161ina hyperaktivity a impulzivity ustoup\u00ed poru\u0161e pozornosti;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

            Dal\u0161\u00ed krit\u00e9ria nutn\u00e1 pro stanoven\u00ed diagn\u00f3zy ADHD<\/h4>\n

            Je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 m\u00edt na pam\u011bti, \u017ee pouh\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edtomnost n\u011bkolika p\u0159\u00edznak\u016f odpov\u00eddaj\u00edc\u00edch v\u00fd\u0161e uveden\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edznak\u016fm nesta\u010d\u00ed k jist\u00e9mu stanoven\u00ed diagn\u00f3zy. N\u011bkter\u00e9 klasifika\u010dn\u00ed syst\u00e9my uv\u00e1d\u011bj\u00ed, \u017ee k diagn\u00f3ze je nutn\u00e1 nap\u0159\u00edklad p\u0159\u00edtomnost 6 p\u0159\u00edznak\u016f ze skupiny hyperaktivity nebo hyperreflexie a 6 p\u0159\u00edznak\u016f ze skupiny poruch pozornosti. Krom\u011b toho mus\u00ed b\u00fdt spln\u011bny je\u0161t\u011b dal\u0161\u00ed podm\u00ednky. Ty byly shrom\u00e1\u017ed\u011bny do skupiny dal\u0161\u00edch diagnostick\u00fdch krit\u00e9ri\u00ed. Pat\u0159\u00ed mezi n\u011b nap\u0159:<\/p>\n

              \n
            • n\u00e1stup p\u0159\u00edznak\u016f do 7 let v\u011bku,<\/li>\n
            • p\u0159\u00edznaky mus\u00ed b\u00fdt pozorov\u00e1ny alespo\u0148 ve dvou situac\u00edch, nap\u0159. doma a ve \u0161kole,<\/li>\n
            • p\u0159\u00edtomn\u00fd probl\u00e9m mus\u00ed v\u00e9st k utrpen\u00ed nebo naru\u0161en\u00ed soci\u00e1ln\u00edho fungov\u00e1n\u00ed,<\/li>\n
            • p\u0159\u00edznaky nesm\u00ed b\u00fdt sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed jin\u00e9 poruchy, co\u017e znamen\u00e1, \u017ee d\u00edt\u011bti nesm\u00ed b\u00fdt diagnostikov\u00e1na jin\u00e1 porucha chov\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

              Poruchy chov\u00e1n\u00ed u ADHD<\/h4>\n

              Poruchy chov\u00e1n\u00ed jsou opakovan\u00e9 agresivn\u00ed, vzpurn\u00e9 a asoci\u00e1ln\u00ed chov\u00e1n\u00ed. Diagnostick\u00e1 krit\u00e9ria p\u0159edpokl\u00e1daj\u00ed p\u0159etrv\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159\u00edznak\u016f po dobu nejm\u00e9n\u011b 12 m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f. V praxi maj\u00ed poruchy chov\u00e1n\u00ed podobu neuposlechnut\u00ed soci\u00e1ln\u00edch pravidel, pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed nad\u00e1vek, v\u00fdbuch\u016f hn\u011bvu, dost\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed se do konflikt\u016f (opozi\u010dn\u00ed porucha vzdoru). Mezi akutn\u00ed formy poruch chov\u00e1n\u00ed pat\u0159\u00ed lhan\u00ed, kr\u00e1de\u017ee, notorick\u00e9 \u00fat\u011bky z domova, \u0161ikana, zn\u00e1siln\u011bn\u00ed, \u017eh\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed. Spole\u010dn\u00fd v\u00fdskyt ADHD a poruchy chov\u00e1n\u00ed se odhaduje na 50-80 %, u t\u011b\u017ek\u00fdch poruch chov\u00e1n\u00ed na n\u011bkolik procent. P\u0159\u00ed\u010dinou je jednak impulzivita a neschopnost p\u0159edv\u00eddat d\u016fsledky sv\u00e9ho chov\u00e1n\u00ed, jednak obt\u00ed\u017ee p\u0159i navazov\u00e1n\u00ed soci\u00e1ln\u00edch kontakt\u016f. D\u011bti s ADHD se \u010dasto bou\u0159\u00ed a chovaj\u00ed se agresivn\u011b. Dal\u0161\u00edm rizikov\u00fdm faktorem je snadn\u00e9 upadnut\u00ed do “\u0161patn\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti”, co\u017e je \u010dasto jedin\u00e9 prost\u0159ed\u00ed, kter\u00e9 mlad\u00e9ho \u010dlov\u011bka s hyperaktivitou akceptuje. Stejn\u011b jako u jin\u00fdch komplikac\u00ed ADHD je z\u00e1sadn\u00ed prevence. P\u0159\u00edle\u017eitost\u00ed, jak eliminovat n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00e9 a rizikov\u00e9 chov\u00e1n\u00ed d\u00edt\u011bte, je v\u010dasn\u00e1 terapie.<\/p>\n

              Na co si d\u00e1t v chov\u00e1n\u00ed d\u00edt\u011bte pozor?<\/h4>\n

              Ji\u017e v ran\u00e9m d\u011btstv\u00ed se mohou u d\u00edt\u011bte objevit ur\u010dit\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edznaky, kter\u00e9 jsou p\u0159edzv\u011bst\u00ed pozd\u011bj\u0161\u00edho rozvoje ADHD. M\u016f\u017eete pozorovat nap\u0159:<\/p>\n

                \n
              • zrychlen\u00fd nebo opo\u017ed\u011bn\u00fd v\u00fdvoj \u0159e\u010di,<\/li>\n
              • poruchy sp\u00e1nku,<\/li>\n
              • probl\u00e9my s j\u00eddlem – m\u016f\u017ee se objevit zvracen\u00ed nebo oslaben\u00fd sac\u00ed reflex,<\/li>\n
              • z\u00e1chvaty koliky,<\/li>\n
              • neschopnost pou\u010dit se z vlastn\u00edch chyb,<\/li>\n
              • v\u00fdrazn\u011b del\u0161\u00ed \u010das na vykon\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed b\u011b\u017en\u00fdch denn\u00edch \u010dinnost\u00ed ve srovn\u00e1n\u00ed s vrstevn\u00edky,<\/li>\n
              • nadm\u011brn\u00e1 pohyblivost na za\u010d\u00e1tku ch\u016fze,<\/li>\n
              • \u010dast\u00e9 \u00farazy, proto\u017ee d\u00edt\u011b d\u00e1v\u00e1 p\u0159ednost honi\u010dce a \u010dasto se chov\u00e1 rizikov\u011b.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                Je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 si uv\u011bdomit, \u017ee uveden\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edznaky a stavy se mohou vyskytovat u mnoha jin\u00fdch onemocn\u011bn\u00ed, proto p\u0159i jejich v\u00fdskytu nemus\u00edte hned myslet na ADHD. Je t\u0159eba vylou\u010dit souvislost mezi p\u0159\u00edznaky charakteristick\u00fdmi pro ADHD a existenc\u00ed jin\u00fdch poruch, jako je autismus, Asperger\u016fv syndrom, afektivn\u00ed poruchy nebo \u00fazkostn\u00e9 poruchy.<\/p>\n

                Diagnostika ADHD<\/h4>\n

                Diagnostika ADHD vy\u017eaduje v\u011bnov\u00e1n\u00ed velk\u00e9ho mno\u017estv\u00ed \u010dasu a zapojen\u00ed mnoha lid\u00ed. Jedn\u00e1 se o zdlouhav\u00fd proces, kter\u00fd spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017en\u011b v pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed d\u00edt\u011bte. Diagnostiku ADHD lze rozd\u011blit do n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edch f\u00e1z\u00ed: F\u00e1ze 1: Rozhovor s rodi\u010di, b\u011bhem n\u011bho\u017e se l\u00e9ka\u0159 sna\u017e\u00ed zjistit pr\u016fb\u011bh t\u011bhotenstv\u00ed a porodu, aby identifikoval mo\u017en\u00e9 rizikov\u00e9 faktory souvisej\u00edc\u00ed s obdob\u00edm plodu. Ot\u00e1zky by m\u011bly b\u00fdt kladeny tak\u00e9 na v\u00fdvoj d\u00edt\u011bte, vztahy s ostatn\u00edmi lidmi v jeho okol\u00ed a p\u0159\u00edpadn\u00e9 probl\u00e9my vyskytuj\u00edc\u00ed se v ka\u017edodenn\u00edm \u017eivot\u011b. F\u00e1ze 2: Rozhovor s u\u010ditelem d\u00edt\u011bte. C\u00edlem je z\u00edskat informace o chov\u00e1n\u00ed d\u00edt\u011bte ve \u0161kole, jeho vztaz\u00edch s vrstevn\u00edky, p\u0159\u00edpadn\u00fdch probl\u00e9mech s u\u010den\u00edm. Je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9, aby u\u010ditel, kter\u00fd byl po\u017e\u00e1d\u00e1n o rozhovor, znal d\u00edt\u011b d\u00e9le ne\u017e \u0161est m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f. F\u00e1ze 3: Pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed d\u00edt\u011bte. Tato f\u00e1ze vy\u0161et\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed je obt\u00ed\u017en\u00e1 vzhledem k nest\u00e1l\u00e9 povaze p\u0159\u00edznak\u016f ADHD a jejich prom\u011bnlivosti v z\u00e1vislosti na prost\u0159ed\u00ed, ve kter\u00e9m se d\u00edt\u011b nach\u00e1z\u00ed. F\u00e1ze 4: Rozhovor s d\u00edt\u011btem. Je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 si uv\u011bdomit, \u017ee by se m\u011bl prov\u00e1d\u011bt i v nep\u0159\u00edtomnosti rodi\u010d\u016f, aby se zjistilo, jak se d\u00edt\u011b chov\u00e1 bez jejich dohledu. F\u00e1ze 5: \u0160k\u00e1ly a diagnostick\u00e9 dotazn\u00edky s ot\u00e1zkami pro rodi\u010de a u\u010ditele. F\u00e1ze 6: Psychologick\u00e9 testy k posouzen\u00ed inteligence, motoriky, \u0159e\u010di a schopnosti \u0159e\u0161it probl\u00e9my. Ty maj\u00ed ur\u010ditou hodnotu p\u0159i vylou\u010den\u00ed jin\u00fdch onemocn\u011bn\u00ed, kter\u00e1 maj\u00ed podobn\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edznaky jako ADHD. F\u00e1ze 7: Pediatrick\u00e9 a neurologick\u00e9 vy\u0161et\u0159en\u00ed. P\u0159i t\u011bchto vy\u0161et\u0159en\u00edch je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 zkontrolovat zrak a sluch. F\u00e1ze 8: Krom\u011b toho m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt je\u0161t\u011b provedeno elektronick\u00e9 m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed frekvence a rychlosti o\u010dn\u00edch pohyb\u016f k posouzen\u00ed hyperreflexie nebo po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov\u00fd test nep\u0159etr\u017eit\u00e9 pozornosti k posouzen\u00ed poruch soust\u0159ed\u011bn\u00ed. Tyto metody se v\u0161ak nepou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed rutinn\u011b, a proto nejsou v\u0161ude dostupn\u00e9.<\/p>\n

                \n

                Zdroj<\/p>\n

                  \n
                • https:\/\/portal.abczdrowie.pl\/objawy-adhd<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

                  P\u0159\u00edznak\u016f ADHD si okol\u00ed d\u00edt\u011bte obvykle v\u0161imne, kdy\u017e za\u010dne chodit do z\u00e1kladn\u00ed \u0161koly, tedy kolem sedm\u00e9ho roku v\u011bku. Obvykle se v\u0161ak p\u0159\u00edznaky charakteristick\u00e9 pro tento…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2430,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false},"categories":[780],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"\nP\u0159\u00edznaky ADHD - Test Mysli<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.diagnostika-mysli.cz\/blog\/adhd\/priznaky-adhd\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"cs_CZ\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"P\u0159\u00edznaky ADHD - Test Mysli\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"P\u0159\u00edznak\u016f ADHD si okol\u00ed d\u00edt\u011bte obvykle v\u0161imne, kdy\u017e za\u010dne chodit do z\u00e1kladn\u00ed \u0161koly, tedy kolem sedm\u00e9ho roku v\u011bku. 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